This book gives practical information relating to the analysis of controlled substances. This includes how to carry out the analysis, interpreting the results, and how to use the results as evidence in court or for drugs intelligence purposes. The major drugs of abuse are addressed and for each there is a description, a presumptive test, TLC, instrumental methods and data analysis.
 

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The purpose of this book is to gather together the hitherto scattered information on analytical methods currently available in the literature, and in doing so enables specialists (as well as non-specialists) to gain an overall impression of the present status of these methods in forensic chemistry. In this way the broad strategy of current research is also underlined, and speculation can be made as to the likely paths of future research.
The book is devoted to the analytical methodology, approaches, techniques and instrumentations for forensic toxicological applications. Well established methods and techniques which have undergone improvement, and essentially new approaches which promise to be useful, are discussed together with modern analytical instrumentations and novel analytical methods.
The contributors are all specialists in their field and who have either originated the methods described in the book or have considerable personal experience in using them, thus ensuring that the subject can be discussed in depth and remains as up-to-date as possible.

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Owing to its low cost, ease of use, and non-polluting means of preparing samples for analysis, solid-phase extraction (SPE) is fast overtaking traditional liquid-liquid methods in clinical, pharmaceutical, agricultural and industrial applications. This book describes what analytical scientists and technicians need to know about this emerging procedure: how it works, how to choose from available techniques, how to utilise it effectively in the laboratory. Along with the historical perspective and fundamental principles, this practical book reviews the latest literature on solid-phase materials, equipment and applications – including EPA-endorsed techniques. Special features include:
- coverage of separation and uptake methods
- promising developments in the use of membrane disks
- the advantages of using polymeric resins over silica materials
- mechanism and use of ion-exchange materials for SPE
- a remarkably complete chapter on the extraction of metal ions
- groundbreaking research in the miniaturised SPE technique

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Because capillary electrophoresis (CE) is driving the automation of manual and semi-manual techniques, conserves precious samples and minimises the use of hazardous organic chemicals, it constitutes a powerful new methodology for the clinical laboratory. In this book, Peterson and Mohammed, along with a panel of leading basic and clinical investigators, review those CE methods that are now replacing many routine serum and blood tests in clinical and forensic laboratories. Major areas reviewed include the coating of columns; the analysis of serum, urine and CSF proteins and paraproteins; abnormal haemoglobins and haemoglobin Alc; peptides and amino and organic acids; drugs of abuse; viral load; and short tandem repeats (STR). The methods discussed include capillary zone, micellar, electrokinetic, capillary gel, and non-aqueous electrophoresis. The authors show how a variety of detection methods (UV-visible, fluorescence ad MS) can be used in conjunction with CE to detect a broad array of analytes, ranging from serum proteins to PCR products to drugs of forensic importance.

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This book aims to be the definitive text on gunshot residue (GSR) analysis for forensic scientists, lawyers and academics. It is part of the 'Current Methods in…' series and is intended by its authors to bridge the gap between increasing awareness of GSR analysis as a powerful forensic technique, and the lack of comprehensive literature on the subject. The authors begin by discussing the significance of GSR evidence before presenting a classification scheme. A detailed description of the most important method for analysing GSR, scanning electron microscopy energy dispersive spectroscopy (SEM/EDS), forms the majority of Chapter 3. Chapter 4 details a study of "plume" concentrations while Chapter 5 is devoted to an overview of the types of firearm most commonly available. In the final chapter, the authors put forward some guidelines for note-taking, report writing and acting as an expert witness.

This book details fundamental principles and instrumentation of GC-MS, as well as industrial, environmental, pharmaceutical, clinical, toxicological, forensic and food-related applications. Subjects covered include sample pre-treatment, analyte derivatization, gas chromatographic separation and MS approaches for obtaining the best possible results. Three of the twenty chapters focus on forensic applications, covering the analysis and detection of toxicological substances, addictive drugs, explosives, flavours and fragrances, veterinary hormones, monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes.

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At present, hair analysis is routinely used as a tool for detection of drug use in forensic science, traffic medicine, occupational medicine, and clinical toxicology. The author’s intention is provide an up-to-date and comprehensive guide to the theoretical and practical aspects of hair analysis. Chapters include the technical and legal aspects of drug testing in hair, the potential for bias, environmental exposure, the analytical tools, the importance of Supercritical Fluid Extraction (SFE), the determination of opioids, cocaine, cannabis and amphetamine, unusual drugs in hair, forensic applications and drug analysis in non-head hair.

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Covering a wide range of research currently being done in drug analysis, Drug Testing Technology: Assessment of Field Applications compares and evaluates various methods used to determine abused drugs taken by individuals. Controversies associated with various methods, including urine analysis and hair analysis, are examined. Contributors from a wide diversity of disciplines offer advanced knowledge, encompassing work that is technical as well as markedly philosophical. Chapters provide overviews of drug incorporation into hair; the use of hair analysis for compliance measurement in the use of anti-epileptic medications; and the application of drug testing to the psychiatric treatment of substance abuse disorders. This book presents the epidemiology of drug use, evaluates races and sexes in reference to bias, correlates bias to specialised field settings, examines implications of community surveys and compares and contrasts hair and urine sample.

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This book comprises seven keynote reviews capturing the expanding role of mass spectrometry in a wide variety of applications:
- Drugs of abuse in body fluids,
- hair analysis for drugs of abuse,
- sports testing protocols,
- accelerants in fire debris,
- pyrolysis mass spectrometry of evidential materials such as paints, adhesives, etc, - identification of explosives and finally,
- the use of isotope dilution mass spectrometry for authentication of natural products.

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This account of pharmacological methods explains how to use them to solve criminal investigations, from drunken driving to murder. The text is enlivened with many cases from both the author's personal experiences and the research literature.

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This book is written by a team of experts and focuses on the application of gas chromatography to various aspects of forensic chemistry. It covers the basic theory of chromatographic separations before discussing specific forensic issues such as drug analysis, fires and explosives. Problems such as degraded samples and small sample size are also addressed.

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This book gives practical information relating to the analysis of controlled substances. This includes how to carry out the analysis, interpreting the results, and how to use the results as evidence in court or for drugs intelligence purposes. The major drugs of abuse are addressed and for each there is a description, a presumptive test, TLC, instrumental methods and data analysis.

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This book reviews the analysis of drugs of abuse, discussing analytical techniques and the applications of these techniques. Topics covered include the use of TLC, liquid and high performance liquid chromatography, mass spectrometry, infrared, ultraviolet, fluorescence and NMR spectroscopy in the analysis of the drugs as well as chemical tests and physical appearance analysis methods.

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Another in the Ellis Horwood Series in forensic science, this book is a self-teaching guide for forensic chemistry labs and law enforcement agencies. It can be used as a text by new students and as a refresher course for the practising chemist. It covers the basic concepts of many analytical methods, both non-instrumental and instrumental, and includes a section on reporting results for use in court. A suite of videos will be available to complement the book. They cover 6 important analytical techniques and show the basic use of equipment and techniques necessary to analyse drugs.

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